Taxonomic differentiation of Ursus arctos (Carnivora, Ursidae) from south Okhotsk Sea islands on the basis of morphometrical analysis of skull and teeth.

Baryshnikov G.F., Mano T., Masuda R.

P. 77-88

The comparative analysis of the skull and teeth of the brown bear from Hokkaido was carried out for three geographical groups previously established on the basis of mitochondrial DNA analysis (Matsuhashi etal., 1999). As a result of morphometrical testing, the isolation of the bears from Eastern group, which possess smallest cheek teeth, has been ascertained. While morphometrical characters of males belonging to Central group and Southern group was similar, females of these groups demonstrated reliable differences. In spite of the differentiation of Eastern group approaches to the subspecific level, all the brown bears from Hokkaido and southern Kuril Islands are referred to the subspecies U. arctosferox Temminck, 1844.DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.3.2.05

• Abramov A.V. & Baryshnikov G.F. 1990. [Catalog of Type Specimens in the Collection of Zoological Institute of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Mammals (Mammalia). N 2. Carnivora, Proboscidea, Desmostylia]. Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR. 24 p. [in Russian].
• Aristov A.A. & Baryshnikov G.F. 2001. [The Mammals of Russia and Adjacent Territories. Carnivores and Pinnipeds]. Santkt-Peterburg: Izdatel'stvo Zoologicheskogo Instituta RAN. 560 p. [in Russian].
• Baryshnikov G.F. 1998. Cave bears from the Paleolithic of the Greater Caucasus // Saunders J.J., Styles B.W. & Baryshnikov G.F. (eds.). Quaternary Paleozoology in the Northern Hemisphere. Springfield, Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers. Vol.27. P.69-118.
• Baryshnikov G.F. & Boeskorov G.F. 1998. [Brown bear Ursus arctos (Carnivora, Ursidae) from the Pleistocene of Yakutia] // Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskiy. T.103. No.2. P.3-9 [in Russian, with English summary].
• Baryshnikov G.F. & David F. 2000. Les ours des cavernes a Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne, France) - Ursus (Spelearctos) spelaeus Rosenmüller et Heinroth, 1784 // Quaternaire. T.11. No.1. P.65-79.
• Baryshnikov G.F. & Germonpré M., Sablin M.V. 2003. Sexual dimorphism and morphometric variability of check teeth of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) // Belgian Journal of Zoology. T.133. No.2. P.111-119.
• Cherniavsky F.B. 1984. [Mammals of North-East Siberia]. Moskva: Nauka. 389 p. [in Russian].
• Cherniavsky F.B. 1986. [To the systematics and history of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Beringian Sector of Subarctic] // Cherniavsky F.B. & Chereshnev I.A. (eds.). [Biogeography of the Beringian Sector of Subarctic]. Vladivostok: Izdatel'stvo Dal'nevostochnogo Nauchnogo Tsentra AN SSSR. P.182-193 [in Russian].
• Cherniavsky F.B. & Kretchmar M.A. 2001. [Brown bear (Ursus arctos) in North-East of Siberia]. Magadan: Izdatel'stvo Instituta Biologicheskikh Problem Severa RAN. 93 p. [in Russian, with English summary].
• Corbet G.B. 1978. The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: A Taxonomic Review. London: British Museum (Natural History). 314 p.
• Desmarest A.G. 1820. Mammalogie, ou description des espèces de mammifères. Prs. 1. Paris. 555 p.
• Ellerman J.R. & Morrison-Scott T.C.S. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. London: British Museum (Natural History). 810 p.
• Gray J.E. 1867. Note on Ursus lasiotus, a hairy-eared bear from North China // Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3. Vol.20. P.301.
• Heptner V.G., Naumov N.P., Yurgenson P.B., Sludsky A.A., Chirkova A.F. & Bannikov A.G. 1967. [The Mammals of Soviet Union. Vol.2. Pt.1. Sea Cows and Carnivores]. Moskva: Vysshaya Shkola. 1004 p. [in Russian].
• Kamei T. 1981. Faunal succession of Pleistocene mammals in the Japanese islands: An aspect // Quartärpaläontologie. Bd.4. P.165-174.
• Kurtén B. 1955. Sex dimorphism and size trends in the cave bear, Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller and Heinroth // Acta Zoologica Fennica. Vol.90. P.1-48.
• Lydekker R. 1897. The blue bear of Tibet, with notes on the members of the Ursus arctos group // Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. P.412-426.
• Mano T. 1994. Home range and habitat use of brown bears in the southwestern Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido // International Conference of Bear Researchers and Managers. Vol.9. No.1. P.319-325.
• Matsuhashi T., Masuda R., Mano T. & Yoshida M.C. 1999. Microevolution of the mitochondrial DNA control region in the Japanese brown bear (Ursus arctos) population // Molecular Biology and Evolution. Vol.16. No.5. P.676-684.
• Matsuhashi T., Masuda R., Mano T., Murata K. & Aiurzaniin A. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among worldwide populations of the brown bear Ursus arctos // Zoological Science. Vol.18. No.8. P.1137-1143.
• Middendorff A. 1851. Untersuchungen an Schädeln des gemeinen Landbären, als kritische Beleuchtung der Streitfrage über die Arten fossiler Höhlenbären // Verhandlungen der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Mineralogieschen Gesellschaft zu St. Petersburg. Jg. 1850-1851. S.7-99.
• Novikov G.A. 1956. [Carnivorous Mammals of the USSR Fauna]. Moskva-Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. 295 p. [in Russian].
• Ognev S.I. 1931. [Mammals from Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. T.2.] Moskva-Leningrad: Glavnoe Upravlenie Nauchnymi Uchrezhdeniyami, Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo. 776 p. [in Russian].
• Ohdachi S., Aoi T., Mano T. & Tsubota T. 1992. Growth, sexual dimorphism, and geographical variation of skull dimension of the brown bear Ursus arctos in Hokkaido // Journal of the Mammalian Society of Japan. Vol.17. No.1. P.27-47.
• Pocock R. 1932. The black and brown bears of Europe and Asia // Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Vol.35. No.3. P.771-823.
• Pucheran. 1855. Notes mammalogiques // Revue et magazine de Zoologie, Série 2. T.7. P.392-394.
• Rafinesque C.S. 1817. Extracts from the journal of Mr. Charles Le Raye, relating to some new quadrupeds of the Missouri region, with notes by C. S. R. In: Rafinesque C.S. Museum of Natural Sciences // American Monthly Magazine. Critical Review, 1817. Vol.1. No.6. P.431-442.
• Temminck C.J. 1842. Mammifères // Siebold Ph.F. (ed.). Fauna Japonica. Vol.2. Leiden. 26 p. + 30 Tab.
• Stroganov S.U. 1962. [Mammals of Siberia. Carnivores]. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. 459 p. [in Russian].
• Vshivtsev V.P. 1972. Some data on the brown bear of Sakhalin Province and adjacent territories // Sokolov V.E. (ed.). [Ecology, Morphology, Conservation, and Use of Bears]. Moskva: Nauka. P.29-32 [in Russian].
• Yoneda M. & Abe H. 1976. Sexual dimorphism and geographic variation in the skull of the Ezo brown bear (Ursus arctos yesonensis) // Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University. Vol.9. P.265-276 [in Japanese with English abstract].