The first record of Episoriculus umbrinus from Vietnam, with notes on the taxonomic composition of Episoriculus (Mammalia, Soricidae)

Abramov A.V., Bannikova A.A., Chernetskaya D.M., Lebedev V.S., Rozhnov V.V.

P. 117-128

The mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear ApoB and RAG2 genes were used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships in Asiatic red-toothed shrews (Soricidae, Episoriculus). Based on molecular data, the genus Episoriculus seems to consist of at least seven valid species: E. baileyi, E. caudatus, E. leucops, E. macrurus, E. sacratus, E. soluensis, and E. umbrinus. Genetic distances among all of them are found to be of 8–16%, with the only low distance (3.4%) being that between E. baileyi and E. leucops. Taiwanese shrew E. fumidus shows high genetic divergence (16–17% for cytb) from other species of Episoriculus. Based on both genetic and morphological data it should be attributed to a separate new genus Pseudosoriculus gen.n. Episoriculus umbrinus was found in Lao Cai Province, representing a new species record for the fauna of Vietnam; morphology-based diagnosis of this specimen has reliably been confirmed by molecular data.DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.16.2.01

• Abramov A.V., Bannikova A.A., Lebedev V.S. & Rozhnov V.V. 2017. Revision of Chimarrogale (Lipotyphla: Soricidae) from Vietnam with comments on taxonomy and biogeography of Asiatic water shrews // Zootaxa. Vol.4232. No.2. P.216–230.
• Abramov A.V., Can D.N., Hai B.T. & Son N.T. 2013. An annotated checklist of the insectivores (Mammalia, Lipotyphla) of Vietnam // Russian Journal of Theriology. Vol.12. No.2. P.57–70.
• Allen G.M. 1923. New Chinese insectivores // American Museum Novitates. No.100. P.1–11.
• Bannikova A.A., Abramov A.V., Borisenko A.V., Lebedev V.S. & Rozhnov V.V. 2011. Mitochondrial diversity of the white-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in Vietnam // Zootaxa. No.2812. P.1–20.
• Baker R.J. & Bradley R.D. 2006. Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept // Journal of Mammalogy. Vol.87. No.4. P.643–662.
• Carvalho M.R., Bockmann F.A., Amorim D.S., Brand C.R.F., Vivo M., Figueiredo J.L., Britski H.A., Pinna M.C.C., Menezes N.A., Marques F.P.L., Papavero N., Cancello E.M., Crisci J.V., McEachran J.D., Schelly R.C., Lundberg J.G., Gill A.C., Britz R., Wheeler Q.D., Stiassny M.L.J., Parenti L.R., Page L.M., Wheeler W.C., Faivovich J., Vari R.P., Grande L., Humphries C.J., DeSalle R., Ebach M.C. & Nelson G.J. 2007. Taxonomic impediment or impediment to taxonomy? A commentary on systematics and the Cybertaxonomic-Automation Paradigm // Evolutionary Biology. Vol.34. P.140–143.
• Castiglia R., Annesi F., Aloise G. & Amori G. 2007. Mitochondrial DNA reveals different phylogeographic structures in the water shrews Neomys anomalus and N. fodiens (Insectivora: Soricidae) in Europe // Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. Vol.45. No.3. P.255–262.
• Corbet G.B. & Hill J.E. 1992. The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: A Systematic Review. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 488 p.
• Dang H.H., Dao V.T., Cao V.S., Pham T.A. & Hoang M.K. 1994. [Checklist of Mammals in Vietnam]. Hanoi: Publishing House “Science and Technics”. 168 p. [in Vietnamese].
• Dang H.H., Hoang M.K., Le X.C., Nguyen X.D., Vu D.T. & Dang H.P. 2007. [Mammals of Vietnam. Morphology, Biology and Ecology of Some Species]. Vol.1. Hanoi: Science and Technics Publishing House. 232 p. [in Vietnamese].
• Dang N.C., Endo H., Nguyen T.S., Oshida T., Le X.C., Dang H.P., Lunde D.P., Kawada S.-I., Hayashida A. & Sasaki M. 2008. [Checklist of Wild Mammal Species of Vietnam]. Hanoi: Primate Research Institute, Inuyama, Japan & Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources. 400. p. [in Vietnamese].
• Dubey S., Salamin N., Ohdachi S.D., Barriere P. & Vogel P. 2007. Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) revel timing of transcontinental colonizations // Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Vol.44. P.126–137.
• Hall T.A. 1999. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT // Nucleic Acids Symposium Series. Vol.41. P.95–98.
• Harris D.J. 2003. Can you bank on GenBank? // Trends in Ecology & Evolution. Vol.18. P.317–319.
• He K., Li Y.J., Brandley M.C., Lin L.-K., Wang Y.X., Zhang Y.P. & Jiang X.L. 2010. A multi-locus phylogeny of Nectogalini shrews and influences of the paleoclimate on speciation and evolution // Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Vol.56. No.2. P.734–746.
• Hoffmann R.S. 1986. A review of the genus Soriculus (Mammalia: Insectivora) // Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Vol.82. No.3. P.459–481.
• Hoffmann R.S. & Lunde D. 2008. Order Erinaceomorpha, Order Soricomorpha // Smith A.T. & Xie Y. (eds.). A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton: Princeton University Press. P.292–327.
• Horsfield T. 1855. Brief notices of several new or little-known species of Mammalia, lately discovered and collected in Nepal, by Brian Houghton Hodgson, Esq. //Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser.2. No.16. P.101–114.
• Hutterer R. 2005. Order Erinaceomorpha, Order Soricomorpha // Wilson D.E. & Reeder D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. P.212–311.
• Jameson E.W. & Jones G.S. 1977. The Soricidae of Taiwan // Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vol.90. P.459–482.
• Jobb G. 2008. TREEFINDER, version of October 2008. Munich, Germany. Distributed by the author. Available from: http:// www.treefinder.de (accessed 17 January 2017).
• Kuznetsov G.V. 2006. [Mammals of Vietnam]. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. 428 p. [in Russian].
• Lanfear R., Calcott B., Ho S.Y.W. & Guindon S. 2012. PartitionFinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses // Molecular Biology and Evolution. Vol.29. P.1695–1701.
• Lin L.-K. & Motokawa M. 2010. Mammals of Taiwan. Vol.1. Soricomorpha. 89 p. http://mammal.biota.biodiv.tw/
• Motokawa M. & Lin L.-K. 2005. Taxonomic status of Soriculus baileyi (Insectivora, Soricidae) // Mammal Study. Vol.30. P.117–124.
• Motokawa M., Harada M., Lin L.-K, Cheng H.C. & Koyasu K. 1998. Karyological differentiation between two Soriculus (Insectivora: Soricidae) from Taiwan // Mammalia. Vol.62. P.541–547.
• Motokawa M., Harada M., Mekada K. & Shrestha K.C. 2008. Karyotypes of three shrew species (Soriculus nigrescens, Episoriculus caudatus and Episoriculus sacratus) from Nepal // Integrative Zoology. Vol.3. P.180–185.
• Motokawa M., Wu Y. & Harada M. 2009. Karyotypes of six soricomorph species from Emei Shan, Sichuan Province, China // Zoological Science. Vol.26. P.791–797.
• Ohdachi S.D., Hasegawa M., Iwasa M.A., Vogel P., Oshida T., Lin L.-K. & Abe H. 2006. Molecular phylogenetics of soricid shrews (Mammalia) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences: with special reference to the Soricinae // Journal of Zoology. Vol.270. P.177–191.
• Puillandre N., Lambert A., Brouillet S. & Achaz G. 2012. ABGD, automatic barcode gap discovery for primary species delimitation // Molecular Ecology. Vol.21. P.1864–1877.
• Ruedas L.A., Salazar-Bravo J., Dragoo J.W. & Yates T.L. 2000. The importance of being earnest: what if anything constitutes a «specimen examined?» // Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Vol.17. P.129–32.
• Sheftel B.I., Bannikova A.A., Fang Y., Demidova T.B., Alexandrov D.Yu., Lebedev V.S. & Sun Y.-H. 2017. [Notes on the fauna, systematics and ecology of small mammals in Southern Gansu, China] // Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. Vol.96. No.2. P.232–248 [in Russian with English summary].
• Swofford D.L. 1998. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
• Tamura K., Peterson D., Peterson N., Stecher G., Nei M. & Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods // Molecular Biology and Evolution. Vol.28. P.2731–2739.
• Thomas O. 1913. Four new shrews // Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser.8. No.11. P.214–218.