Beaver trapping in Russia and Belarus and problems of resources management

Safonov V.G.

P. 2-7

In the Soviet Union experimental kill trapping (removal trapping) of Eurasian beaver began in 1960 in the Kirov region, and since 1963 the limited kill trapping was also permitted throughout Russia and Belarus. Regular trapping allowed obtaining large amounts of biomaterial, which significantly widened our knowledge on the general population ecology of beavers and on their behaviour during the under-ice period when observation is limited. The current decrease in demand for furs requires the realization of scientifically sound measures for beaver management based on ecological priorities. DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.15.1.02

• Barabash-Nikiforov I.I., Dezhkin V.V. & Dyakov Yu.V. 1961. [Beavers of Don basin. Ecology and economical issues (monographic sketch)] // Trudy Khoperskogo Goszapovednika. Vol.5. P.3–115 [in Russian].
• Borodina M.A. 1960. [Methods of economical use of European beaver in connection with its ecological peculiarities] // Trudy Okskogo Goszapovednika. Vol.3. P.41–76 [in Russian].
• Boyce M.S. 1981. Beaver life-history responses to exploitation // Journal of Applied Ecology. Vol.18. No.3. P.749–753.
• Danilov P.I. & Fyodorov F.V. 2015. Comparative characteristics of the building activity of Canadian and European beavers in northern European Russia // Russian Journal of Ecology. Vol.46. No.3. P.272–278.
• Danilov P.I., Kanshiev V.Ya. & Fyodorov F.V. 2007. [Beavers of the Russian European North]. Moscow: Nauka. 200 p. [in Russian].
• Durka W., Babik W., Ducroz J.-F., Heidecke D., Rosell F., Samjaa R., Saveljev A., Stubbe A., Ulevicius A. & Stubbe M. 2005. Mitochondrial phylogeography of the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber L. // Molecular Ecology. Vol.14. No.12. P.3843–3856.
• Emelyanov A.V. 2012. [System Research of Ecology and Resources Management of European Beaver]. Tambov: Tambov State University. 93 p. [in Russian].
• Halley D., Rosell F. & Saveljev A. 2012. Population and distribution of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) // Baltic Forestry. Vol.18. No.1. P.168–175.
• Helgen K.M. 2005. Family Castoridae // Wilson D.E. & Reeder D.M. (eds.). Mammals Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. Vol.2. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. P.842–843.
• Korth W.W. 2001. Comments on the systematics and classification of the beavers (Rodentia, Castoridae) // Journal of Mammalian Evolution. Vol.8. No.4. P.279–296.
• Kudryashov V.S. 1980. [Economical use of European beaver stock] // Nikiforov L.P. (ed.). Biologicheskiye Osnovy Okhotnichyego Dela. Moskva. P.45–56 [in Russian].
• Khlyap L.A., Warshavsky A.A. & Bobrov V.V. 2011. Diversity of alien mammal species in different regions of Russia // Russian Journal of Biological Invasions. Vol.2. No.4. P.293–299.
• Larson J.S. & Gunson J.R. 1983. Status of the beaver in North America // Acta Zoologica Fennica. No.174. P.91–93.
• Lavrov L.S. 1983. Evolutionary development of the Castor and taxonomy of the contemporary beavers of Eurasia // Acta Zoologica Fennica. No.174. P.87–90.
• Lavsund S. 1977. Bдverns utbredningshistoria och nuverande fцrekomst i Sverige // Rapp. och uppsats Inst. scogszool. Skogshogsk. No.26. P.8–12.
• Litvinov V.F., Yatusevich A.I., Kozlo P.G., Stavrovskiy D.D., Yanuta G.G., Karasev N.F., Litvinov A.V. & Kozorez A.I. 2012. [Population Ecology of Beaver]. Vitebsk: VGAVM. 256 p. [in Russian].
• Milishnikov A.N., Likhnova O.A., Nikonova O.A., Lavrov V.L. & Orlov V.N. 1994. [Allozyme variability of European beaver C. fiber L. 1758 (Castoridae, Rodentia) from Voronezhsky State Reserve] // Genetika. Vol.30. No.4. P.529–534 [in Russian, with English summary].
• Milishnikov A.N. & Saveljev A.P. 2001. Genetic divergence and similarity of introduced populations of European beaver (Castor fiber L., 1758) from Kirov and Novosibirsk oblasts of Russia // Russian Journal of Genetics. Vol.37. No.1. P.108–111.
• Nitsche K.-A. 2003. Biber. Schutz und Probleme. Moeglichkeiten und Massnahmen zur Konfliktminimirung. Dessau: Eigenverlag. 52 p.
• Nolet B.A. & Rosell F. 1998. Comeback of the beaver Castor fiber: an overview of old and new conservation problems // Biological Conservation. Vol.83. P.165–173.
• Novak M. 1987. Beaver // Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America. Ontario: Ministry of Natural Resources. P.283–312.
• Odum E. 1975. [The Fundamentals of Ecology]. Moskva: Mir. 740 p. [in Russian].
• Oleynikov A.Yu. 2013. Distribution of native and introduced semiaquatic mammals in Sikhote-Alin // Russian Journal of Biological Invasions. Vol.4. No.3. P.180–189.
• Owens R. 1968. Beaver damage in Alabama // Forest Farmer. Vol.28. No.3. P.12–13.
• Parsons G. & Brown M. 1978. Effect of a four-year closure of trapping season for beaver in Fulton County // New York Fish and Game Journal. Vol.25. No.1. P.23–30.
• Safonov V.G. 1962. [Before beaver trapping] // Okhota i Okhotnichye Khozyaistvo. No.2. P.24–27 [in Russian].
• Safonov V.G. 1964. [Results of experimental trapping of beavers for pelts] // Sbornik Nauchno-Tekhnicheskoi Informatsii Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Instituta Zhivotnogo Syrya i Pushniny, Kirov. Vol.10. P.42–51 [in Russian].
• Safonov V.G. 1965. [Some peculiarities of beaver ecology during winter] // Sbornik Nauchno-Tekhnicheskoi Informatsii Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Instituta Zhivotnogo Syrya i Pushniny, Kirov. Vol.12. P.26–35 [in Russian].
• Safonov V.G. 1966. [Morphological peculiarities and structure of beaver populations] // Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody. Otdel Biologicheskii. Vol.71. No.4. P.5–19 [in Russian, with English summary].
• Safonov V.G. 1971. [Materials on reproduction biology of beaver in European part of USSR] // Trudy Kirovskogo Selskokhozyaistvennogo Instituta. Vol.28. P.25–39 [in Russian].
• Safonov V.G. & Semyonov B.T. 1962. [Ecological ground and organisational forms of economical use of beaver] // Sbornik Nauchno-Tekhnicheskoi Informatsii Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Instituta Zhivotnogo Syrya i Pushniny, Kirov. Vol.4. P.3–16 [in Russian].
• Saveljev A.P. 2003. [Biological Peculiarities of Aboriginal and Artificially Created Beaver Populations in Eurasia and Their Significance for the Resource Management Strategy]. Dissertatsiya Doktora Biologicheskikh Nauk [Dr.Sci Dissertation in Zoology]. Kirov: Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming. 201 p. [in Russian].
• Senn H., Ogden R., Frosch C., Syrщиkovб A., Campbell-Palmer R., Munclinger P., Durka W., Kraus R., Saveljev A.P., Nowak C., Stubbe A., Stubbe M., Michaux J., Lavrov V., Samiya R., Ulevicius A. & Rosell F. 2014. Nuclear and mitochondrial genetic structure in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) – implications for future reintroductions // Evolutionary Applications. Vol.7. No.6. P.645–662.
• Vostokov E.K. 2014. [Beaver in Belarus]. Minsk: Pravo i Ekonomika. 222 p. [in Russian].
• Zarubin B.E., Kolokolchikova M.V., Makarov V.A. & Shevnina M.S. 2015a. [Beaver (Castor fiber) game bag in Kirov region: results of monitoring] // Agrarian Science of Euro-North-East. No.6. P.70–74 [in Russian, with English summary].
• Zarubin B.E., Makarov V.A. & Safonov V.G. 2015b. Current status of the beaver fur market in Russia // Beavers – from genetic variation to landscape-level effects in ecosystem. Book of Abstracts 7th International Beaver Symposium, 14–17 September 2015, Voronezh, Russia. P.72.
• Zharkov I.V. 1968. [Structure and Dynamics of Mammal Populations by the Example of Beaver in USSR]. Avtoreferat Dissertatsii Doktora Biologicheskikh Nauk [Abstract of Dr.Sci Dissertation in Zoology]. Leningrad: Zoological Institute AN USSR. 42 p. [in Russian].
• Zurowski W. 1983. Worldwide beaver Symposium, Helsinki, 1982: Opening remarks // Acta Zoologica Fennica. No.174. P.85–86.