Specific functional forms of behavior in pine marten Martes martes, based on snow tracking data

Specific functional forms of behavior in pine marten Martes martes, based on snow tracking data

Vladimirova E.J.

P. 47-58

The paper describes the main functional forms of pine marten’ Martes martes behavior which include leaving refuge, foraging, change of feeding area, patrolling their territory, locomotion to resting site, rest, and running for safety. Each type of behavior is manifested through a number of reactions which are organized hierarchically. The hierarchy of reactions in mammals is illustrated for the pine marten. The animal’s unit reactions, as well as elementary motor reactions they consist of, are listed. As long as the functional type of behavior is correctly identified for a particular animal that left some visible signs of activity in its habitat, its unitary reactions can be discerned in the process of snow-tracking. Human impact changes the structure of behavior in pine martens. The quantity of reactions related to foraging tends to reduce.DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.10.2.02

Литература
  • Andreev V.L. 1980. [Classification Constructions in Ecology and Systematics]. Moskva: Nauka. 143 p. [in Russian].
  • Anokhin P.K. 1968. [Biology and Neurophysiology of the Conditioned Reflex]. Moskva: Nauka. 560 p. [in Russian].
  • Ashby W.R. 1960. Design for a Brain. The Origin of Adaptive Behavior. London: Chapman & Hall Ltd. 411 p.
  • Baskin L.M. 1976. [Behavior of Ungulates]. Moskva: Nauka. 296 p. [in Russian].
  • Bol'shakov V.N. & Kubantsev B.S. 1984. [Mammals' Populations Sexual Structure and Its Dynamics]. Moskva: Nauka. 233 p. [in Russian].
  • Gaidar' I.S., Osadchii K.P. & Gaidar' G.S. 1983. [Basic elements of red fox behavior during the snow period] // [Applied Ethology. Materials of the Conference on Animal Behavior]. Moskva: Nauka. P.203-205 [in Russian].
  • Grakov N.N. 1981. [Pine Marten]. Moskva: Nauka. 112 p. [in Russian].
  • Danilov P.J. & Tumanov I.L. 1976. [Mustelids of the North-West of the USSR]. Leningrad: Nauka. 256 p. [in Russian].
  • Formozov A.N. 1959. [Pathfinder's Guide]. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo MOIP. 320 p. [in Russian].
  • Hind R. 1970. Animal Behavior. A Synthesis of Ethology and Comparative Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 812 p.
  • Jedrzejewski W. & Sidorovich V. 2011. Art of animal tracking. Bialowieza: Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences. 227 p.
  • Korytin S.A. 1972. [The variability of mammals' olfactory behavior and its value during evolution] // Abstracts of the First Congress on Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of Animal Behavior. Moskva: Nauka. P. 212-214 [in Russian].
  • Korytin S.A. 1979. [Wild Animals' Behavior and Sense of Smell]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. 224 p. [In Russian].
  • Korytin S.A. 1986. [Wild Animals' Habits]. Moskva: Agropromizdat. 319 p. [in Russian].
  • Krushinskii L.V. 1960. [Formation of Animals' Behavior in Health and Disease]. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. 264 p. [in Russian].
  • Lorenz K. 1955. Morphology and behavior patterns in closely allied species // Schaffner B. (ed.). Transactions of the First Conference on Group Processes (1954). New York: Macy Foundation. P.168-220.
  • Matyushkin E.N. 2005. [Carnivorous mammals] // Matyushkin E.N. The selected works. Moskva: KMK Scientific Press. P. 259-626 [in Russian].
  • Mozgovoi J.P. 1976. [Ethological differentiation in the martens' population of the Southern Ural] // [Issues of Forest Biocenology, Ecology and Environment Protection in the Steppes Zone]. Kuibyshev: Izdatel'stvo Kuibyshevskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. P.7-14 [in Russian].
  • Mozgovoi J.P. 1980. [Use of the information biological fields concept in the researches of biogeocenoses] // [Issues of Forest Biocenology, Ecology and Environment Protection in the Steppes Zone]. Kuibyshev: Izdatel'stvo Kuibyshevskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. P.119-125 [in Russian].
  • Mozgovoi J.P. 2005. [Information Sign Fields of Mammals: Theory and Practice of the Research Techniques]. Extended Abstract of Doctor of Sciences (Biology) Dissertation. Tolyatti: IEBRAS. 50 p. [in Russian].
  • Mozgovoi J.P. & Rozenberg G.S. 1992. [The Biological Sign Field of Mammals: Theory and Practice]. Samara: Izdatel'stvo Samarskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. 119 p. [in Russian].
  • Mozgovoi J.P., Rozenberg G.S. & Vladimirova E.J. 1998. [Mammals' Information Fields and Animal Behavior]. Samara: Izdatel'stvo Samarskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. 92 p. [in Russian].
  • Naumov N.P. 1970. [Problems of the spatial orientation] // [Animals' Spatial Orientation]. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. P. 3-12 [in Russian].
  • Naumov N.P. 1977. [Biological (signal) fields in the life of mammals] // The Latest Achievements of Theriology. Moskva: Nauka. P.336-398 [in Russian].
  • Osgood C., Suci G. & Tannenbaum P. 1957. The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 356 p.
  • Panov E.N. 1983. [Animal Behavior and Ethological Structure of Population]. Moskva: Nauka. 423 p. [in Russian, with English summary].
  • Panov E.N. 2005. [Destinies of comparative ethology] // Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. Vol.84. No.1. P.104-123.
  • Severtsov A.N. 1922. [Evolution and Psyche]. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Sabashnikovykh. 54 p. [in Russian].
  • Shilov I.A. 1977. [Ecological and Physiological Foundations of Relations within an Animal Population]. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. 264 p. [in Russian].
  • Slonim A.D. 1976. [Environment and Behavior. Formation of Adaptive Behavior]. Leningrad: Nauka. 211 p. [in Russian].
  • Sokolov V.E. 2003. [Study of higher vertebrates in biosphere reserves] // Sokolov V.E. Selected Works. V. 2. Behavior. Ecology. Mammals Protection. Moskva: Nauka. P. 305-307 [in Russian].
  • Sokolov V.E. & Chernova O.F. 2001. [Skin Glands of Mammals]. Moskva: GEOS. 648 p. [in Russian].
  • Sokolov V.E. & Kuznetsov G.V. 1978. [Daily Rhythms Activity of Mammalian. Cytological and Ecological Aspects]. Moskva: Nauka. 264 p. [in Russian, with English summary].
  • Sokolov V.E. & Rozhnov V.V. 1979. [Territorial features, aggression and marking behavior in mustelids] // Archives of Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. No.18. P.163-214 [in Russian].
  • Sokolov V.E. & Zinkevich E.P. 1986. [Research of mammals' chemical communications: primary tasks] // [Animals' Chemical Communications. Theory and Practice]. Moskva: Nauka. P.212-219 [in Russian].
  • Vladimirova E. 2009a. Sign activity of mammals as means of ecological adaptation // Sign Systems Studies. Special issue: Zoosemiotics. Tartu. Vol.37. No.3/4. P.614-636.
  • Vladimirova E. 2009b. [Research of information processes in zoocoenozes by means of snow tracking] // [Theoretical and Applied Ecology]. Kirov. No.4. P.33-38 [in Russian].
  • Vladimirova E. & Mozgovoi J. 2003. Sign field theory and tracking techniques used in studies of small carnivorous mammals // Evolution and Cognition, Vienna. Vol.9. No.1. P.73-89.
  • Vladimirova E. & Mozgovoi J. 2006. [Problems of mammals' behavior modeling in a sign field] // Vestnik Samarskogo Universiteta, Seriya Biologiya. No.8 (58). P.322-329 [in Russian, with English summary].
  • Volkova V.N. & Denisov A.A. 2001. [Fundamentals of Systems Theory and Systems Analysis]. Sankt-Peterburg: Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta. 512 p. [in Russian].
  • Watson J.B. 1930. Behaviorism. New York: Norton. 308 p.